Understanding Evidence Levels
MyTxGNN uses a 5-level evidence classification system (L1-L5) to help researchers quickly assess the clinical validity of drug repurposing predictions. L1 represents the highest evidence quality, while L5 indicates AI prediction only.
The 5 Evidence Levels
| Level | Name | Definition | Clinical Implication |
|---|---|---|---|
| L1 | Very High | Multiple Phase 3 RCTs or Systematic Reviews | Strong support for clinical consideration |
| L2 | High | Single RCT or Multiple Phase 2 trials | Design validation studies |
| L3 | Moderate | Phase 1/2 trials or Observational studies | Requires more research |
| L4 | Low | Case reports or Preclinical only | Exploratory research |
| L5 | Prediction Only | AI prediction, no clinical evidence | Hypothesis generation |
Detailed Explanations
L1: Very High Evidence
What qualifies:
- Multiple Phase 3 randomized controlled trials
- Systematic reviews with meta-analysis
- Regulatory approval for the new indication
Recommended Action: Can proceed to clinical evaluation planning
L2: High Evidence
What qualifies:
- Single well-designed RCT
- Multiple Phase 2 clinical trials
- Strong observational study with large sample
Recommended Action: Worth pursuing validation studies
L3: Moderate Evidence
What qualifies:
- Phase 1 or early Phase 2 trials
- Cohort or case-control studies
- Mechanistic studies with clinical endpoints
Recommended Action: Monitor for additional evidence
L4: Low Evidence
What qualifies:
- Case reports or case series
- Preclinical studies only (animal/in vitro)
- Expert opinion with mechanism support
Recommended Action: Exploratory research only
L5: Prediction Only
What qualifies:
- TxGNN AI prediction only
- Knowledge graph relationship inference
- No clinical human studies found
Recommended Action: Use for hypothesis generation
Evidence vs. Prediction Score
A high TxGNN prediction score does NOT guarantee high evidence level. The prediction score reflects AI confidence based on knowledge graph patterns, while evidence level reflects actual clinical validation.
| Scenario | Prediction Score | Evidence Level | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 99%+ | L1 | Excellent - AI prediction validated by strong evidence |
| B | 99%+ | L5 | Novel prediction - worth investigating but unvalidated |
| C | 70% | L1 | Validated relationship but AI uncertain |
| D | 70% | L5 | Low priority - uncertain and unvalidated |
How to Use Evidence Levels
For Researchers
- Prioritize L1-L2 for immediate investigation
- Monitor L3 for emerging evidence
- Use L4-L5 for hypothesis generation and grant applications
For Clinicians
- L1 only should be considered for clinical discussion
- L2-L3 may inform clinical trial enrollment decisions
- L4-L5 are for research context only
Further Reading
Disclaimer
Evidence levels are assigned based on available literature and may not reflect the most recent publications. Always verify with primary sources for clinical decisions.
Evidence levels are assigned based on available literature and may not reflect the most recent publications. Always verify with primary sources for clinical decisions.