Low Evidence Drugs

Exploratory candidates requiring substantial validation


Evidence Standards

Level Definition Clinical Significance
L4 Case reports or preclinical only Very limited evidence, exploratory research
L5 AI prediction only, no clinical evidence Hypothesis generation, needs validation

Drug List

L4 Level (70 drugs)

Drug Name Predictions Link
Adenosine 2 View Report
Allopurinol 10 View Report
Alprostadil 10 View Report
Ambrisentan 10 View Report
Ampicillin 10 View Report
Apixaban 1 View Report
Arginine 1 View Report
Aspartic Acid 1 View Report
Atracurium Besylate 10 View Report
Bicalutamide 10 View Report
Calcium Carbonate 5 View Report
Calcium Chloride 5 View Report
Camphor 10 View Report
Carbimazole 3 View Report
Carfilzomib 5 View Report
Chlorzoxazone 9 View Report
Cilastatin 10 View Report
Cisatracurium 10 View Report
Citric Acid 8 View Report
Clozapine 10 View Report
Delamanid 7 View Report
Desloratadine 5 View Report
Desmopressin 7 View Report
Diclofenac 10 View Report
Durvalumab 10 View Report
Efavirenz 3 View Report
Entecavir 10 View Report
Etonogestrel 5 View Report
Etoposide 10 View Report
Ferrous Gluconate 5 View Report
Fludarabine 10 View Report
Fluorometholone 10 View Report
Fluticasone Propionate 5 View Report
Folic Acid 5 View Report
Glutamic Acid 4 View Report
Golimumab 5 View Report
Hesperidin 5 View Report
Hydrocortisone 5 View Report
Hydroquinone 4 View Report
Imiglucerase 5 View Report
Itraconazole 1 View Report
Levetiracetam 10 View Report
Lisinopril 10 View Report
Loteprednol Etabonate 10 View Report
Mepolizumab 5 View Report
Miconazole 1 View Report
Minoxidil 10 View Report
Moroctocog Alfa 8 View Report
Netarsudil 2 View Report
Omalizumab 10 View Report
Omeprazole 5 View Report
Palbociclib 4 View Report
Palonosetron 5 View Report
Perampanel 10 View Report
Perindopril 5 View Report
Piroxicam 10 View Report
Posaconazole 1 View Report
Potassium Chloride 5 View Report
Potassium Iodide 2 View Report
Ritonavir 3 View Report
Rivastigmine 1 View Report
Ropinirole 10 View Report
Roxithromycin 8 View Report
Sulfamethoxazole 1 View Report
Tranexamic Acid 1 View Report
Trastuzumab Emtansine 4 View Report
Triamcinolone 5 View Report
Valine 10 View Report
Vasopressin 2 View Report
Venetoclax 10 View Report

L5 Level (507 drugs)

Drug Name Predictions Link
Abacavir Sulfate 0 View Report
Abemaciclib 0 View Report
Abiraterone Acetate 0 View Report
Acalabrutinib 0 View Report
Acalabrutinib Maleate 0 View Report
Acarbose 9 View Report
Activated Charcoal 0 View Report
Acyclovir Sodium 0 View Report
Adapalene 1 View Report
Adrenaline 0 View Report
Adrenaline Tartrate 0 View Report
Aflibercept 1 View Report
Alanine 1 View Report
Albutrepenonacog Alfa 6 View Report
Alectinib Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Alemtuzumab 0 View Report
Alfacalcidol 5 View Report
Alfentanil Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Alfuzosin 10 View Report
Alfuzosin Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Alpelisib 1 View Report
Aluminium Hydroxide 0 View Report
Alverine Citrate 0 View Report
Ambroxol Hcl 0 View Report
Ambroxol Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Amiloride Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Aminophylline Anhydrous 0 View Report
Aminophylline Dihydrate 0 View Report
Amiodarone Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Amisulpride 0 View Report
Amlodipine Besilate 0 View Report
Amlodipine Besylate 0 View Report
Ammonium Chloride 5 View Report
Amorolfine 10 View Report
Amorolfine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Amoxicillin Sodium 0 View Report
Amoxicillin Trihydrate 0 View Report
Amoxycillin 0 View Report
Amoxycillin Sodium 0 View Report
Amoxycillin Trihydrate 0 View Report
Ampicillin Sodium 0 View Report
Ampicillin Trihydrate 0 View Report
Amylmetacresol 10 View Report
Andexanet Alfa 4 View Report
Anidulafungin 0 View Report
Anifrolumab 0 View Report
Antazoline Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Apalutamide 0 View Report
Apremilast 0 View Report
Aprepitant 10 View Report
Aprotinin 0 View Report
Aripiprazole 5 View Report
Aripiprazole Monohydrate 0 View Report
Artemether 10 View Report
Artesunate 0 View Report
Articaine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Asenapine Maleate 0 View Report
Asfotase Alfa 10 View Report
Aspirin 0 View Report
Atazanavir Sulfate 0 View Report
Atorvastatin Calcium 0 View Report
Atorvastatin Calcium Trihydrate 0 View Report
Atosiban 10 View Report
Atovaquone 0 View Report
Avanafil 0 View Report
Avelumab 10 View Report
Avibactam Sodium 0 View Report
Axitinib 10 View Report
Azacitidine 5 View Report
Azathioprine 10 View Report
Azelaic Acid 0 View Report
Azelastine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Azithromycin 10 View Report
Azithromycin Dihydrate 0 View Report
Azithromycin Monohydrate 0 View Report
Bacitracin 10 View Report
Baclofen 2 View Report
Baloxavir Marboxil 0 View Report
Baricitinib 2 View Report
Basiliximab 0 View Report
Bedaquiline 10 View Report
Bedaquiline Fumarate 0 View Report
Belimumab 6 View Report
Benazepril Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Bendamustine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Benralizumab 5 View Report
Benserazide Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Benzbromarone 1 View Report
Benzocaine 1 View Report
Benzoic Acid 5 View Report
Benzoyl Peroxide 4 View Report
Benzydamine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Benzyl Benzoate 0 View Report
Beractant 0 View Report
Betahistine Mesylate 0 View Report
Betamethasone 5 View Report
Betamethasone Dipropionate 0 View Report
Betamethasone Valerate 0 View Report
Betaxolol Hcl 0 View Report
Betaxolol Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Bevacizumab 5 View Report
Bezafibrate 0 View Report
Bifonazole 0 View Report
Bilastine 0 View Report
Bimatoprost 10 View Report
Biotin 2 View Report
Bisacodyl 0 View Report
Bismuth Subgallate 0 View Report
Bisoprolol Fumarate 0 View Report
Bleomycin Sulfate 0 View Report
Blinatumomab 0 View Report
Bortezomib Monohydrate 0 View Report
Bosentan Monohydrate 0 View Report
Bosutinib Dihydrate 0 View Report
Brexpiprazole 0 View Report
Brigatinib 10 View Report
Brimonidine Tartrate 0 View Report
Brinzolamide 1 View Report
Brolucizumab 4 View Report
Bromazepam 1 View Report
Bromhexine Hcl 0 View Report
Bromocriptine 10 View Report
Burosumab 0 View Report
Cabotegravir 5 View Report
Calcifediol 4 View Report
Calcium Citrate 4 View Report
Calcium Lactate 2 View Report
Calcium Lactate Gluconate 2 View Report
Candesartan Cilexetil 5 View Report
Capmatinib 2 View Report
Capsaicin 0 View Report
Carbetocin 2 View Report
Carbocisteine 1 View Report
Carboprost Tromethamine 10 View Report
Carvedilol 5 View Report
Cefaclor 0 View Report
Cefixime 0 View Report
Cefotaxime 0 View Report
Ceftriaxone 7 View Report
Ceritinib 10 View Report
Cetrorelix 10 View Report
Cetuximab 10 View Report
Chlorambucil 8 View Report
Chlorthalidone 10 View Report
Choline Salicylate 10 View Report
Ciclesonide 6 View Report
Cilostazol 0 View Report
Cimetidine 5 View Report
Cinchocaine 7 View Report
Cinnarizine 0 View Report
Cisplatin 0 View Report
Cladribine 7 View Report
Clobazam 10 View Report
Clobetasone 10 View Report
Clofazimine 3 View Report
Clonazepam 3 View Report
Clopidogrel 8 View Report
Clotrimazole 5 View Report
Colchicine 3 View Report
Corifollitropin Alfa 8 View Report
Crisaborole 0 View Report
Crizotinib 10 View Report
Crotamiton 0 View Report
Cyanocobalamin 5 View Report
Cyclophosphamide 5 View Report
Cycloserine 7 View Report
Cyclosporine 7 View Report
Cyproterone Acetate 10 View Report
Cytarabine 9 View Report
Dacarbazine 1 View Report
Dapagliflozin 0 View Report
Dapsone 1 View Report
Daptomycin 10 View Report
Daratumumab 0 View Report
Darunavir 4 View Report
Decitabine 5 View Report
Deferasirox 5 View Report
Deferiprone 9 View Report
Degarelix 10 View Report
Denosumab 2 View Report
Desogestrel 10 View Report
Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 1 View Report
Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Dextromethorphan Hbr 0 View Report
Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 0 View Report
Dextrose 0 View Report
Dextrose Anhydrous 0 View Report
Dextrose Monohydrate 0 View Report
Diacerein 0 View Report
Diclofenac Potassium 0 View Report
Diclofenac Sodium 0 View Report
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Dienogest 10 View Report
Digoxin 6 View Report
Dihydrocodeine Tartrate 0 View Report
Diltiazem Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Dimenhydrinate 2 View Report
Dimethicone 0 View Report
Dinoprostone 0 View Report
Diosmin 1 View Report
Diphenhydramine Hcl 0 View Report
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Dl-Camphor 0 View Report
Dobutamine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Docetaxel 5 View Report
Docetaxel Trihydrate 0 View Report
Docusate Sodium 0 View Report
Dolutegravir 3 View Report
Domperidone 1 View Report
Doxofylline 10 View Report
Doxycycline 10 View Report
Drospirenone 0 View Report
Dulaglutide 0 View Report
Duloxetine 10 View Report
Dutasteride 10 View Report
Ebastine 2 View Report
Eculizumab 10 View Report
Edaravone 2 View Report
Elosulfase Alfa 9 View Report
Elvitegravir 3 View Report
Empagliflozin 3 View Report
Emtricitabine 3 View Report
Enfortumab Vedotin 9 View Report
Entacapone 5 View Report
Enzalutamide 7 View Report
Eplerenone 5 View Report
Ergocalciferol 10 View Report
Ergometrine 10 View Report
Estradiol 0 View Report
Estradiol Valerate 10 View Report
Ethanol 2 View Report
Ethionamide 0 View Report
Ethyl Chloride 10 View Report
Etoricoxib 10 View Report
Evolocumab 6 View Report
Exemestane 7 View Report
Famotidine 5 View Report
Favipiravir 3 View Report
Febuxostat 3 View Report
Felodipine 7 View Report
Ferric Carboxymaltose 1 View Report
Ferrous Fumarate 5 View Report
Filgrastim 10 View Report
Finasteride 6 View Report
Fluconazole 5 View Report
Fluocinolone Acetonide 4 View Report
Fluorescein 10 View Report
Fluorouracil 10 View Report
Flurbiprofen 10 View Report
Flutamide 10 View Report
Fulvestrant 10 View Report
Furosemide 0 View Report
Fusidic Acid 5 View Report
Gabapentin 0 View Report
Galcanezumab 3 View Report
Galsulfase 0 View Report
Ganciclovir 0 View Report
Ganirelix 10 View Report
Gatifloxacin 0 View Report
Gefitinib 10 View Report
Gemfibrozil 10 View Report
Gilteritinib 1 View Report
Gliclazide 5 View Report
Glimepiride 9 View Report
Glipizide 0 View Report
Glucagon 1 View Report
Glycine 5 View Report
Griseofulvin 5 View Report
Guaiacol 2 View Report
Guselkumab 10 View Report
Hexetidine 10 View Report
Histidine 2 View Report
Hydrochlorothiazide 5 View Report
Hydrocortisone Acetate 5 View Report
Ibrutinib 0 View Report
Idursulfase 0 View Report
Imidafenacin 0 View Report
Imipenem 10 View Report
Inclisiran 10 View Report
Indacaterol 10 View Report
Indapamide 0 View Report
Infliximab 0 View Report
Insulin Lispro 9 View Report
Iodixanol 3 View Report
Iohexol 2 View Report
Iopromide 10 View Report
Isoflurane 7 View Report
Isoleucine 1 View Report
Isoniazid 1 View Report
Isosorbide Dinitrate 10 View Report
Isosorbide Mononitrate 10 View Report
Isotretinoin 2 View Report
Ixekizumab 0 View Report
Ketoprofen 10 View Report
Lactic Acid 5 View Report
Lactulose 8 View Report
Lamotrigine 5 View Report
Lansoprazole 2 View Report
Leflunomide 2 View Report
Lemborexant 1 View Report
Lenalidomide 5 View Report
Lercanidipine 0 View Report
Letermovir 1 View Report
Levofloxacin 10 View Report
Levosimendan 0 View Report
Levothyroxine Sodium 0 View Report
Lidocaine 5 View Report
Lidocaine Hcl 0 View Report
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Lignocaine Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Linagliptin 0 View Report
Lincomycin Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Linezolid 0 View Report
Liraglutide 0 View Report
Lisinopril Dihydrate 0 View Report
Lithium Carbonate 10 View Report
Lixisenatide 0 View Report
Lonoctocog Alfa 4 View Report
Lonoctocog Alfa 4 View Report
Loperamide 10 View Report
Loperamide Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Lopinavir 3 View Report
Lorlatinib 10 View Report
Lumefantrine 0 View Report
Luspatercept 0 View Report
Macitentan 0 View Report
Mannitol 10 View Report
Mebendazole 1 View Report
Mecobalamin 3 View Report
Meloxicam 5 View Report
Melphalan 10 View Report
Methimazole 0 View Report
Methionine 10 View Report
Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta 7 View Report
Methyldopa 0 View Report
Methylene Blue 3 View Report
Methylphenidate 4 View Report
Methylprednisolone 5 View Report
Midostaurin 0 View Report
Milrinone 10 View Report
Mirabegron 0 View Report
Mirtazapine 3 View Report
Mometasone Furoate 5 View Report
Moxifloxacin 10 View Report
Moxonidine 10 View Report
Mupirocin 2 View Report
Naltrexone 0 View Report
Naproxen 5 View Report
Nefopam 10 View Report
Nepafenac 10 View Report
Nevirapine 3 View Report
Nicotinamide 0 View Report
Nicotine 0 View Report
Nifedipine 0 View Report
Nimodipine 2 View Report
Nitrazepam 3 View Report
Nitrofurantoin 10 View Report
Nitrous Oxide 1 View Report
Nivolumab 0 View Report
Nonivamide 10 View Report
Norelgestromin 1 View Report
Norethisterone 1 View Report
Nystatin 10 View Report
Ocrelizumab 5 View Report
Octreotide 2 View Report
Ofatumumab 8 View Report
Olanzapine 5 View Report
Omidenepag Isopropyl 7 View Report
Orlistat 1 View Report
Oxytocin 0 View Report
Paliperidone 10 View Report
Palivizumab 10 View Report
Panitumumab 2 View Report
Pantothenic Acid 9 View Report
Pegfilgrastim 2 View Report
Pembrolizumab 10 View Report
Pentoxifylline 0 View Report
Peppermint Oil 10 View Report
Permethrin 0 View Report
Perphenazine 10 View Report
Phenol 8 View Report
Phentermine 4 View Report
Phenylalanine 2 View Report
Phenytoin 10 View Report
Pinaverium Bromide 0 View Report
Pioglitazone Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Piperacillin 9 View Report
Piperacillin Sodium 0 View Report
Piracetam 0 View Report
Pirfenidone 10 View Report
Piribedil 5 View Report
Pitavastatin 10 View Report
Pitavastatin Calcium 0 View Report
Pitolisant Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Pivmecillinam Hydrochloride 0 View Report
Plerixafor 7 View Report
Polatuzumab Vedotin 1 View Report
Polyethylene Glycol 1 View Report
Pomalidomide 0 View Report
Potassium Acetate 1 View Report
Potassium Bicarbonate 1 View Report
Prednisolone 5 View Report
Pretomanid 5 View Report
Probenecid 3 View Report
Procaine Benzylpenicillin 10 View Report
Promethazine 0 View Report
Propylene Glycol 10 View Report
Propylthiouracil 3 View Report
Prucalopride 10 View Report
Pyrazinamide 10 View Report
Racecadotril 0 View Report
Ramucirumab 10 View Report
Ranolazine 1 View Report
Ravulizumab 10 View Report
Rebamipide 0 View Report
Remdesivir 6 View Report
Repaglinide 0 View Report
Resorcinol 6 View Report
Riboflavin 0 View Report
Riluzole 10 View Report
Riociguat 0 View Report
Risdiplam 1 View Report
Rituximab 5 View Report
Rivaroxaban 4 View Report
Romosozumab 0 View Report
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2B 10 View Report
Rufinamide 5 View Report
Salicylic Acid 5 View Report
Selexipag 0 View Report
Selinexor 1 View Report
Selumetinib 10 View Report
Semaglutide 0 View Report
Sennosides 6 View Report
Serine 10 View Report
Sevoflurane 10 View Report
Silodosin 6 View Report
Siltuximab 8 View Report
Simoctocog Alfa 10 View Report
Sitagliptin 0 View Report
Sodium Acetate 10 View Report
Sodium Carbonate 6 View Report
Sodium Citrate 5 View Report
Sodium Fluoride 7 View Report
Sorbitol 1 View Report
Sotatercept 10 View Report
Soybean Oil 1 View Report
Spironolactone 2 View Report
Streptokinase 10 View Report
Sulodexide 3 View Report
Sulpiride 9 View Report
Tadalafil 5 View Report
Tafamidis 0 View Report
Tafluprost 0 View Report
Teicoplanin 0 View Report
Tenecteplase 10 View Report
Terbinafine 0 View Report
Testosterone 5 View Report
Thalidomide 0 View Report
Theophylline 5 View Report
Thiotepa 5 View Report
Threonine 1 View Report
Thymol 10 View Report
Thyrotropin Alfa 10 View Report
Tibolone 0 View Report
Tigecycline 0 View Report
Tildrakizumab 4 View Report
Timolol 0 View Report
Tobramycin 5 View Report
Tolbutamide 0 View Report
Tolnaftate 5 View Report
Tolvaptan 10 View Report
Topiramate 9 View Report
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan 1 View Report
Travoprost 10 View Report
Tretinoin 10 View Report
Trifarotene 2 View Report
Trifluridine 0 View Report
Trimethoprim 5 View Report
Triptorelin 10 View Report
Tropicamide 3 View Report
Turoctocog Alfa 10 View Report
Turoctocog Alfa Pegol 10 View Report
Tyrosine 10 View Report
Udenafil 0 View Report
Urea 0 View Report
Urofollitropin 10 View Report
Ursodeoxycholic Acid 1 View Report
Ustekinumab 10 View Report
Valsartan 5 View Report
Vancomycin 10 View Report
Vedolizumab 0 View Report
Velpatasvir 10 View Report
Vibegron 0 View Report
Vigabatrin 0 View Report
Vitamin A 10 View Report
Vitamin E 10 View Report
Voriconazole 0 View Report
Zanamivir 2 View Report
Zanubrutinib 6 View Report
Zidovudine 6 View Report
Zinc Acetate 10 View Report
Zinc Chloride 3 View Report
Zinc Gluconate 10 View Report
Zinc Oxide 5 View Report
Zonisamide 10 View Report
Zopiclone 0 View Report

Understanding L4-L5 Evidence

L4: Case Reports & Preclinical

  • Individual case reports in literature
  • Animal model studies
  • In vitro experiments
  • Mechanism-based hypotheses

L5: AI Prediction Only

  • TxGNN model prediction without clinical validation
  • Based on knowledge graph relationships
  • High prediction score but no human studies
  • Starting point for research hypothesis

Value of L5 Predictions

While L5 represents the lowest evidence level, high-scoring L5 predictions can be valuable:

  1. Hypothesis Generation: Identify novel drug-disease relationships
  2. Research Prioritization: Focus resources on promising candidates
  3. Grant Applications: Support funding requests for validation studies
  4. Literature Mining: Guide systematic literature searches

Pathway to Higher Evidence

L4-L5 candidates can advance through:

Current Next Step Action Required
L5 L4 Publish case report or preclinical study
L4 L3 Complete Phase 1/2 trial or cohort study
L3 L2 Complete RCT or Phase 2 trial
L2 L1 Complete Phase 3 or systematic review

Disclaimer
L4-L5 evidence levels indicate very limited or no clinical validation. These predictions are for research hypothesis generation only. Do not use for clinical decisions without substantial further research.

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